SANGKETAN (ACHYRANTHES ASPERA) AGEN SITOTOKSIK POTENSIAL DI MASA DEPAN

Zaenal Jnal Fanani

Abstract


 

Abstract

Cancer become major public health burden and primary care for cancer still consists surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy also immunotherapy. However, harmful side effects of cancer drugs and radiation still threat to cancer patients. Chemoprevency is latest approach that growing rapidly, using natural ingredients or synthetic agents to prevent, inhibit or reverse tumorigenesis and suppress development cancer cell.

Phytochemical screening of Achyranthes aspera leaf has cytotoxicity on Artemia salina, indicates presence of essential oils, free terpenoid compounds, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols. Flavonoid compounds can act anti-cancer is β sitosterol. This compound can increase proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and increase cytotoxic effect of natural killer cells.

Methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera, alkaloid, non-alkaloid and saponin fractions has shown significant inhibitory effect on early antigen activation Epstein-Barr virus. In vitro study of methanol extract, non-alkaloids fraction showed most significant inhibitory activity. In vivo study, all fractions methanol extract had cytotoxic activity, which shown inhibit carcinogenesis DMBA / TPA in mouse skin.

Keywords: Cancer, Achyranthes aspera, β sitosterol, Cytotoxic

 

 

Abstrak

Kanker telah menjadi beban kesehatan utama bagi masyarakat dan perawatan utama untuk kanker masih terdiri atas operasi, kemoterapi, terapi radiasi dan imunoterapi. Namun, efek samping yang berbahaya dari obat kanker dan radiasi masih menjadi ancaman bagi penderita kanker. Kemoprevensi adalah pendekatan terbaru yang berkembang pesat dengan menggunakan bahan alami atau agen sintetis untuk mencegah,menghambat atau membalikkan tumorigenesis serta menekan perkembangan kanker.

Skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan terhadap daun Achyranthes aspera yang mempunyai daya sitotoksik terhadap Artemia salina, menunjukkan adanya kandungan minyak atsiri, senyawa terpenoid bebas, saponin triterpenoid, flavonoid dan polifenol. Senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berperan sebagai anti kanker adalah β sitosterol. Senyawa ini dapat meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit darah perifer dan meningkatkan efek sitotoksik sel pembunuh alami.

Ekstrak metanol Achyranthes aspera, pada fraksi alkaloid, non-alkaloid dan saponin telah menunjukkan efek penghambatan yang signifikan pada aktivasi antigen awal virus Epstein-Barr. Pada studi in vitro ekstrak metanol, fraksi non-alkaloid menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan yang paling signifikan. Dalam studi in vivo, semua fraksi dari ekstrak metanol memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik, yang telah dibuktikan dapat menghambat karsinogenesis oleh DMBA/TPA pada kulit tikus.

Kata Kunci: Kanker, Achyranthes aspera, β sitosterol, Sitotoksik

 


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26751/ijf.v2i1.419

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